7 Temples In India Where Animals Are Worshipped

Indians have worshipped animals and plants for millennia, so it is no wonder that the country is strewn with temples dedicated to animals or where animal forms of deities are worshipped. These temples represent the Indian philosophy of "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," or " the world is one family." It is one of the major reasons why Indians accept the presence of wild animals, including mega-carnivores and mega-herbivores, around their homes, villages, and cities. 

A Waghoba temple in Maharashtra. Image credit: A. J. T. Johnsingh, WWF-India and NCF via Wikimedia Commons.

Go to any Indian temple, and you will find it a sanctuary for many animals. Monkeys, especially rhesus macaques and langurs, are a common sight in many such temples, and if it is one dedicated to Hanuman like the Sankat Mochan temple of Varanasi, then monkeys rule there! In places where Lord Shiva is worshipped, such as Varanasi's Kashi Vishwanath temple, massive bulls roam the streets since the bull is the vehicle of Lord Shiva. Other than these known facts, here are some lesser-known places of worship in India where animals are worshipped or revered. 

Karni Mata Temple - Rats

Rats feeding on milk at Karni Mata Temple, Deshnoke, Rajasthan. Image credit: Mauro Gambini via Flickr.com.

Located in the small town of Deshnoke in Bikaner, Rajasthan, you will find a wonder like no other. A temple of rats! The Karni Mata Temple, a major pilgrimage spot in the area, also draws tourists from far and wide who come to see this unique temple's most baffling feature - the many rats scuttering along everywhere your sight goes. The rats are regarded as holy here and worshipped. According to legend, these rats are reincarnations of the deity Karni Mata and her family members and, hence, are highly revered by the temple devotees. Food leftovers eaten by these rats are considered very sacred and consumed by the temple devotees. The sighting of the white rat is considered to be reserved for the most fortunate as these rats are believed to be the reincarnated form of the deity Karni Mata herself and her four favourite nephews. If anyone accidentally kills a rat in the temple by stepping on it, the person must repent by delivering a rat made of gold or silver to the temple.

Waghoba Temples - Tiger

Waghoba shrine in Aarey Milk Colony, Mumbai. 

If you get to visit a Warli tribal village in Maharashtra, be prepared to meet their deity, both in the form of stone and clay sculptures and as a living being. These tribals worship the big cat deity, Waghona, and actually share habitat with leopards and/or tigers. However, you need not travel to a remote location to meet the Waghoba and his devotees. Just go to the metropolis of Mumbai and get the help of a local naturalist guide to visit the Aarey Milk Colony. Here, there are small tribal hamlets called padas of the Indigenous Warli tribals with temples and shrines dedicated to the Waghoba. These people pray to the Waghoba to protect the forest for them, as the forest is their source of life and livelihood. Every year, they celebrate Waghbaras, a festival dedicated to their tiger/leopard God, where they pray to Waghoba, sing, dance, and feast. According to legend, Waghoba was a child born to a community woman out of wedlock who later shapeshifted to become the tiger that started devouring the village people. The villagers later formed a pact with the tiger's mother to worship Waghoba and offer sacrifices so that the Waghoba would not cause any harm to them or their livestock. The cultural institution of the Waghoba thus helped the Warlis accept the presence of tigers and leopards around them, and hence, you get to see these animals in forests inhabited by these tribals even today, including the famous leopards of Mumbai.

Snake Temples/Shrines - Snakes

Snakes worship in Anekal, Karnataka. Image credit: Natesh Ramasamy via Flickr.com.

Every herpetologist's dream comes true in the rainforests of Karnataka's Western Ghats. If you love herping, one of the best places to visit is the Agumbe rainforest and surrounding areas near the coastal city of Mangalore, Karnataka. The rainforests here thrive with a rich diversity of herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians), including many species of venomous snakes like the King Cobra! Here, you will come across many temples or shrines dedicated to worshipping snakes. The locals here have worshipped snakes for generations, allowing them to coexist with these animals. Snakes can be seen sculpted on the exteriors of these temples, while stone or mud sculptures of snakes, especially the hooded cobra and the multi-headed mythical Sheshnag, are most commonly worshipped as deities. 

Varaha Temple - Wild Boar

The Varaha sculpture in Khajuraho. Image credit: Ms Sarah Welch via Wikimedia Commons.

In the temple town of Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, there is a gigantic monolithic sculpture of a wild boar. It represents the varaha or boar avatar of Lord Vishnu. Legend says that when a demon captured the Earth Goddess or Bhudevi and took her to the bottom of the cosmic ocean, Lord Vishnu appeared in the Varaha form and battled the demon to rescue Bhudevi. After slaying the demon, the Varaha carried Bhudevi on his tusks out of the ocean and placed her in her rightful position. 

Today, the Varaha Temple worships the Varaha, whose heavily carved sculpture is truly a masterpiece of ancient Indian art and architecture. The temple is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site and can be visited by tourists.

Urumbachan Kottam - Ants

An ant. Image credit: William Cho via Wikimedia Commons.

Yes, even ants have their own privileged place in the Indian religious belief system. And why not? These tiny, busy creatures are such a vital part of the ecosystem. So, a shrine has been dedicated to ants in Kuttikkakom in the Kannur district of Kerala. According to legend, the locals were building a Ganpathy temple in the area but an anthill formed at the position where a marker was placed to mark the location of the temple and the marker was found elsewhere. This event was taken as a divine sign, and the Ganapathy temple was built at the new site, while a shrine dedicated to ants was built at the site of the anthill. Although there is no deity as such, and the shrine exists in the form of a platform with a lamp, devotees arrive from far and wide to pray to ants to ensure that ants do not cause any disturbance to them in their homes. The food offerings at the Ganpathy temple are served to ants, and coconuts are broken at the shrine to allow the water to flow down so ants can enjoy it. This worship system also shows the significance of relatively small creatures in the ecosystem. It shows that humans are but a part of such a system where revering every other creature is vital.

Pazhayannur Bhagavathy - Rooster

The Pazhayannur Bhagavathy Temple. Image credit: Aruna at Malayalam Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons.

Rooster rule in this Kerala temple near in Thrissur. Here, the temple ground is full of freely roaming roosters numbering around 800. It is said that an ancient king was a devotee of Goddess Bhagavathi, the temple's main deity. To protect him and his subjects, the Goddess took the form of a rooster and accompanied the King. Thus, roosters are highly revered by the devotees in the temple. The devotees make offerings to feed these birds. The local people have also accepted the presence of these birds, and some have even grown bonds with some of these birds. In the evenings, these birds are let into coops outside the temple and again let free in the morning.

Channapatna Temple - Dog

A dog with a tilak and garland. Image credit: Ritesh Man Tamrakar via Flickr.com.

Well, can India worship so many other animals and not a human's best friend? Not possible, right? So, India does have not one but several temples where dogs are worshipped, like a 100-year-old temple in the Secunderabad town of Uttar Pradesh and the Parassini Temple in Kannur, Kerala. Both temples celebrate the love and loyalty associated with the human-canine bond. In the former, a saint and his dog who once lived in the area are worshipped as deities today. In the latter, the main deity, Lord Muthappa, is known to be a dog lover. Thus, the temple has dog sculptures that are worshipped, and live dogs are provided food and care on the temple grounds. People also come to the temple with their pet dogs for their dogs' naming ceremonies.

Hopefully, you enjoyed reading this list of unique temples in India. If you know of any temples that should be added to this list, please comment below.

7 Most Beautiful Cities In Gujarat

Gujarat in western India is perhaps best known for the Asiatic lions and massive salt deserts it harbours. However, there is much more to Gujarat than just those. There are many cities and towns dotting the state that are brimming with historical, cultural, and natural attractions waiting to be explored by the intrepid traveller. From Asia's longest ropeway in Junagadh to crocodiles in Vadodara to ancient forts and temples of Bhuj, here are seven places in Gujarat you must visit on your next vacation to this state.

Junagadh

Damodar Kund at the foothills of Girnar hills near Junagadh in Gujarat. Image credit: Snehrashmi via Wikimedia Commons.

Junagadh has borne witness to thousands of years of rich Indian history. It came to prominence during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty, with the great king Chandragupta Maurya building the Uperkot Fort in 319 BC. The city gets its name Junagadh, meaning "old fort" from the ancient Uperkot Fort. Later, the grandson of Chandragupta, King Ashoka, also left his mark by inscribing edicts on a boulder near the fort. During the Muslim rule in the area centuries later, the rulers built many magnificent mosques. Many of these historical and architectural wonders survived the test of time and can be visited today. Another famous attraction in Junagadh is Girnar, a sacred hill that can be reached by the longest ropeway system in Asia. Numerous beautiful Hindu and Jain temples are sprinkled along the slopes of this hill and attract pilgrims from far and wide. Junagadh is well connected by roads to major Gujarat cities. The nearest airports are in Rajkot and Porbandar.

Surat

Tapi River in Surat. Image credit: Pravega, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Did you know that 90% of the world's diamonds are cut and processed in this city? Not only that, Surat is also famous for its thriving textile industry. The city's prosperity is not just a new phenomenon but has been so for centuries. Surat's strategic location on the banks of the Tapi River near its confluence with the Arabian Sea allowed it to develop as a thriving seaport for the export-import industry. No wonder the city was invaded many times by different ruling powers who wanted to control its trade.

Today, Surat is known for its many attractions and, above all, its food. Try out traditional dishes like locho, ponk, kavsa, dhokla, ghari, and more made here. Also, visit the New Textile Market area of the city to witness its textile industry at work. The Surat Castle is a major historical attraction that was built in the 1500s to protect the city from invading Portuguese colonists. The Heritage Square and British and Dutch cemeteries are other attractions that speak volumes about the various colonial powers that once ruled over the city. For those who want to be close to nature, Surat offers beaches like Dumas Beach and the Ukai Dam, where you can enjoy the fresh breeze and soothing sites. Other attractions like the Tapi Riverfront, several temples, libraries, etc., will also keep you busy when visiting Surat, which is also one of the country's cleanest cities.

Ahmedabad

Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad. Image credit: Tarun802 via Wikimedia Commons

Of course, this list is incomplete without the mention of Gujarat's most known city and most populous one, Ahmedabad. It is a bustling industrial and commercial hub of the state, with the world's largest stadium, the Narendra Modi Stadium. While Ahmedabad's present seems to be quite a happening one, its past is no less glorious. The seat of many dynasties, the city has a layered history that is visible in its many historical and cultural attractions. The many gates, poles, mosques, tombs, museums, step-wells, and temples in the city that were built over thousands of years are ready to charm you with their impressive architecture and breathtaking designs. Outdoor lovers will also not be disappointed. There is the Sabarmati River Waterfront and Kankaria Lake, as well as the nearby Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary and Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park. 

You must also try out the delectable Gujarati cuisine, including the famous thali of Ahmedabad. Many festivals are celebrated here with great pomp, and if you are visiting during Navratri celebrations, join a Garba performance and dance away to the tune of Gujarati folk songs. 

Vadodara

Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara. Image credit: Mocha drrd via Wikimedia Commons.

Vadodara is not just dotted with numerous banyan trees (from where it gets its name with "Vad" meaning banyan) but also with many historical and cultural attractions. Prominent among them is the gorgeous Laxmi Vilas Palace, which was once the abode of the royals of the Gaekwad Dynasty who ruled over the state of Baroda. The Sayaji Baug is another beautiful historical attraction. It is Western India's largest garden and is great for evening strolls. The city also has many ancient temples and museums, such as the Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery and the Maharaja Fateh Singh Museum, which tell the story of the Baroda state and its royal history. Then there is the mugger crocodile-loaded Vishwamitri River flowing through the city, which gives the city the nickname of "Crocodile City." During heavy rains, crocodiles can be seen popping up at different locations in the city as the river overflows its banks!

Saputara

Aerial view of Saputara, Gujarat. Image credit: Sumeet photography via Wikimedia Commons.

A gem of a hill station, Saputara is nestled in the Western Ghats ranges as they extend to their northernmost limits in Gujarat. The town is full of natural and cultural sites that will keep you busy during your visit. Boating in the Saputara Lake while enjoying the view of the surrounding mountains is a relaxing activity. The nearby Vansda National Park is a perfect place for those who love wildlife-watching. The park is home to many species like dholes, leopards, pythons, Indian giant squirrels, and more. There are many scenic viewpoints in Saputara, such as Table Point, Echo Point, Sunset and Sunrise Points, and stunning waterfalls like the Gira Falls.

Bhuj

Bhujang Naga Temple in Bhuj, Gujarat. Image credit: Nizil Shah via Wikimedia Commons.

The capital of Kutch District, Bhuj, has a history that dates back to 1510 when a local chieftain, Rao Hamir, founded it at the base of the Bhujia Hills. The city has a tumultuous past of invasions and earthquakes. As a visitor to Bhuj, you must take a tour of the Bhujia Fort on the Bhujia Hills, the walls of which tell the story of British invasions and the capture of the fort. The Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal are two beautiful palaces that can also be visited, although large parts of these places are in ruins today due to the devastating earthquake that rocked the city in 2001. The Kutch Museum is where you can learn about the rich history of Bhuj. Nature lovers can flock to the Hamirsar Lake, especially in winter, to watch the many bird species there. The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir is a popular pilgrimage site in the city. Of course, Bhuj also has the nearest airport to Gujarat's major attraction, the Rann of Kutch.

Dwarka

 The Dwarka lighthouse is a 43 meter tower constructed in 1962. Image credit: Venkygrams via Wikimedia Commons.

If you are a Krishna devotee or one who wants a peek into rich Indian culture and religion associated with Lord Krishna, Dwarka is the place to be. It is one of India's seven ancient religious cities and the Dwarkadhish Temple in the city is considered to be extremely holy and is part of the Chardham yatra, a Hindu pilgrimage journey. The temple itself is extremely beautiful, with intricate designs that inspire awe. Dwarka is also located on the right bank of the Gomti River at the mouth of the Gulf of Kutch. As such, the city comes with coastal attractions like beaches, islands, and even a lighthouse. The Bet Dwarka is an island off the coast of the city, which is believed to have been the abode of Lord Krishna himself. Another great news. The Gujarat government will soon launch submarine tourism in Dwarka, where tourists can go down several metres below the sea to witness the marine environment from within a submarine.

Dholavira

 Circular houses with central support are characteristic of Dholavira. Image credit: Prof Ranga Sai via Wikimedia Commons.

For the last entry on this list, let us travel from the 21st century to around 2650 BC to an Indus Valley Civilisation-era city - Dholavira. Located in the Kutch district, this archaeological site is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Named after the nearest village of Dholavira, this ancient city was discovered in the 1960s by a resident of the village. The journey to Dholavira itself is full of pleasant sites of massive salt plains with wildlife like chinkaras, nilgais, many species of birds, and others roaming about. Flamingo watching is a particularly popular activity here. Once at the site, prepare to be awed by the remarkable city planning of ancient times, with the city divided into layers with reservoirs, good drainage facilities and rain harvesting systems. The plant fossils of the nearby Dholavira Fossil Park are another major tourist attraction in the area.

7 Best Cities To Visit In Uttar Pradesh

Varanasi. Image credit: Narvikk via Wikimedia Commons

The vast north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the Ganga-Yamuna river basin, making its land highly fertile for agriculture to flourish and human settlements to grow. So, no wonder the region's history goes back 4,000 years to when the earliest Vedic-era settlements grew up here. Today, the state is the most populous one in the country. Scattered throughout Uttar Pradesh are many cities whose historical and cultural attractions draw visitors from far and wide. If you are visiting the state and thinking of which cities to choose from, here is a list of the seven best.

Varanasi

The Holy city of Varanasi. Image credit: Dennis Jarvi via Wikimedia Commons.

Varanasi, of course! India's holiest city on the banks of the Holy Ganges, with its hundreds of temples, ghats, and historical buildings, must be on this coveted list. While Varanasi might not be really neat and tidy, it is the culture and chaos of the city that wins all hearts. There is something in that city that makes every visitor feel attached to it forever. Maybe it is the spirituality that this city evokes that casts such a spell. Here, people can spend hours strolling along the banks of the river, watching life happen all around. It is the place where people come to celebrate both life and death. Here, people from all walks of life, and bearing a range of emotions in their hearts, come to find solace. Watching the ethereal evening rituals along the river's banks in the evening while seated on a boat is a must-do for all visitors. Also, exploring this ancient city's numerous lanes and bylanes has its own charm. Varanasi is a city that surely must not be missed by any avid globetrotter!

Lucknow

A beautiful mosque in Lucknow. Image credit: Tushar Dayal via Flickr.com.

Talk about regal Nawabs and good etiquette, and Lucknow's name comes up first. This city, the capital of the state, is steeped in history. Be prepared to have your jaws drop at the sight of stunning Mughal-era art and architecture here. The gorgeous Imambaras and the Rumi Darwaza are all waiting for you. Then, there is the lip-smacking Mughlai cuisine that is an absolute must-try in the city. What more? Here, you also have the opportunity to book a tour to enjoy a meal with the royals themselves. Once satisfied with the blended dose of history and culture in Lucknow, head off to the next destination on this list, a five-and-a-half hours' drive away - Pilibhit.

Pilibhit

I Love Pilbhit sign with nature pained below in Pilbhit. Image credit: Voiceofpilibhit via Wikimedia Commons.

Nature lovers are welcome to the town of Pilibhit, surrounded by lush forests, quite close to the Himalayan foothills. The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is only around 40 minutes' drive away from town. The district Pilibhit that shares its name with the town is among the state's most forested regions. The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve, established in 2014, serves as a safe home for many species, including the Indian tiger. Jeep safaris are available for visitors to explore the region's spectacular landscapes, flora, and fauna. The many rivers, sal forests, grasslands, and swamps that characterise the landscape of Pilibhit make the place really worth a visit for wildlife enthusiasts.

Jhansi

The Jhansi Fort in Jhansi. Image credit: WikiAffy via Wikimedia Commons.

The historical city of Jhansi is, of course, synonymous with Jhansi ki Rani Laxmibai, the legendary female warrior queen who bravely fought the British forces to protect her kingdom from being seized by them and lost her life fighting the battle. Today, Jhansi's historical sights related to the queen remind visitors of the valour and might of Rani Laxmibai and other rulers who ruled the region for centuries. Some of the chief attractions in and around this city include the 1613-build Jhansi Fort, the Raja Gangadhar Rao ki Chattri, which is the cenotaph built by Rani Laxmibai in memory of her husband in 1853, other historical buildings and ancient temples, and more. Another major attraction is the nearby historical site of Orchha, which has many gorgeous temples and palaces. The nearby Baru Sagar Dam is a great place to unwind after a day full of activities.

Prayagraj

The Kumbh Mela being held in Prayagraj. Image credit: Ninara via Flickr.com.

Parayagraj, formerly known as Allahabad, is the second most visited city in Uttar Pradesh after Varanasi, primarily because it is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus. Near this city is the holy Triveni Sangam, or confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati rivers. Parayagraj, formerly known as Allahabad, has a history stretching thousands of years. It has witnessed the rise and fall of many kingdoms and rulers and served as the capital of many ancient empires. Today, this city is the judicial capital of Uttar Pradesh. Like Varanasi, visitors to this city will get an insight into the Indian culture and religion at the many temples, along the banks of the Ganges, and at the Triveni Sangam. In addition, Prayagraj also offers many historical and architectural attractions like the Allahabad Fort, Khusro Bagh, Anand Bhavan, and more. 

Agra

The Taj Mahal in Agra. Image credit: Joel Godwin via Wikimedia Commons.

Both Agra and Varanasi are the state's most internationally renowned cities. Agra is synonymous with its monument of love, the Taj Mahal. Almost every foreign tourist to India visits this city at least once. Agra is not just about the Taj Mahal, however, as many other historical attractions from the Mughal period that inspire awe with their architectural and artistic beauty also dot the city. Visitors must also walk through the streets of Agra with a reliable guide to taste its local delicacies and shop from the many handicraft stores where ancient art and craft forms come to life. Also, a trip to Agra can be or must be combined with visiting the nearby historical site of Fatehpur Sikri to explore some jaw-dropping architecture and Bharatpur to enjoy the sight of beautiful birds at the Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary.

Ayodhya

Sarayu River in Ayodhya. Image credit: रूही via Wikimedia Commons.

The name of this place must be familiar to all those acquainted with the ancient Indian epic of Ramayana. It is believed that Lord Rama, the ancient Indian hero of Ramayana who is also worshipped as a deity by Hindus, was born here. Ayodhya is also associated with many dynasties that ruled the area and built various palaces, temples, monuments, and mosques over the years to render the city a magnet for history and culture lovers. Besides its beautiful temples, some other attractions in the city include Sita ki Rasoi, an ancient kitchen site believed to be used by Goddess Sita, the wife of Rama; the Tulsi Smarak Bhavan Museum, which is believed to be the place where the ancient Hindu saint and poet Tulsidas composed the Ramcharitmanas; and the ghats along the Sarayu River.

Uttar Pradesh's cities and towns are thus brimming with history and culture and waiting to be explored by all those who take the journey of a lifetime through this state that has borne witness to over 4,000 years of rich Indian history.

Talab-e-Shahi And Khanpur Mahal, Rajasthan : A Birder's Paradise And A History Lover's Delight

The Talab-e-Shahi and Khanpur Mahal. Image by: Oishimaya Sen Nag

There is royalty in its name - Talab-e-Shahi, meaning the royal pond. It is, however, not exactly a pond but a lake that was artificially created along with the Khanpur Mahal on its shores in 1617 to serve the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan during his hunting trips to Dholpur. Today, the lake lies around 27 km from the town of Dholpur in Rajasthan.

I never knew about its existence until my visit to the Raj Niwas Palace in Dholpur, Rajasthan, to explore the wildlife of the nearby Chambal River. I was staying at the palace, a grand accommodation indeed, a heritage hotel owned by the former ruling family of the region with a rich history. I had booked a jeep safari at Raj Niwas for sightseeing in and around Dholpur. It was on the safari itinerary that I first came to learn about the Talab-e-Shahi.

Having the morning cup of tea at Van Vihar Sanctuary in the safari jeep of Raj Niwas Palace.

We started from the palace early morning at 6 am to avoid the heat of the day as we were travelling in an open jeep. As we passed through the busy Dholpur town, we could see all the gazes upon us. Such open jeep vehicles are not commonly seen, and hence, it raised people's curiosity. Our first stop was at the Van Vihar Sanctuary, an offbeat wildlife destination that I will describe in a later post. From Van Vihar, we set off for Talab-e-Shahi. 

Our jeep speeded through an interesting landscape of wheat fields interspersed with grasslands and scrub forests. It was brown and arid but had a raw beauty to it. Soon, we got to see an expanse of blue on the horizon with a beautiful red-coloured palatial building in the background. "Welcome to the Talab-e-Shahi and Khanpur Mahal," our guide greeted us.

As our jeep passed by the shores of the lake, I got quite excited. Many species of birds could be seen dotting the waters of this shallow lake. If this was the scene in early summer as we were travelling in the first week of April, I could well imagine how this lake would be a paradise for the migratory birds and bird lovers in the winter. Tufted ducks, common teals, and pintails are among them.

I swung my camera into action, asking the driver to stop wherever there was a photo opportunity. The lake itself had a beauty to it that was enhanced by the historical ruins bordering it.

Painted storks in Talab-e-Shahi. Image by: Oishimaya Sen Nag.

The Khanpur Mahal, however, was a bit disappointing. Not the palace itself but the way the local government had allowed it to fall into ruins really saddened me. It had been created as the pleasure residence of Shah Jahan during his visits to Dholpur for hunting. The architecture was grand but crumbling. 

There was a beautiful garden through which you could walk to reach the lake's shores and enjoy seeing birds in it. I was overjoyed to see two pied kingfishers with their unique black and white plumage and crest on a ledge beside me. One of them flew up and started hovering over the lake before diving in to catch a fish. It failed to get one, but it would try again. Wishing it good luck, I moved on.

A pair of pied kingfishers on a ledge along the Talab-e-Shahi. Image by: Oishimaya Sen Nag

I rode the jeep again, moving along the length of the lake and the wetlands on the other side of the road. I managed to photograph a great variety of birds. The grey-headed swamphens looked particularly striking in the wetlands, their bluish-purple plumage glistening in the sunlight and their red bill and forehead shield making a great contrast. 

A grey-headed swamphen in the wetland. Image by: Oishimaya Sen Nag

The sun was about to set, and the lake's sparkling clean waters, dotted by the silhouettes of many birds, appeared magical. 

On my way back, I really wished that the concerned authorities would assign more care to this beautiful heritage destination. It would be a shame if we lost such gorgeous architecture due to mere negligence. I hope to return one day to see the Khanpur Mahal and the Talab-e-Shahi restored to the royal glory that they deserve.

Written by: Dr. Oishimaya Sen Nag

7 Most Beautiful Cities In West Bengal

 The eastern Indian state of West Bengal is known for its vast fertile plains drained by the tributaries of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. The state also has a coastline to the south and the lofty peaks of the Himalayas to the north. Its Sundarbans mangrove forest is the largest of its kind in the world. West Bengal is also called the cultural hub of the country with its Rabindrasangeet, folk songs and dances, and more. Thus, it is no wonder that the state hosts several beautiful cities as well that attract tourists from not only India but also from other parts of the globe. Here are the seven most beautiful cities in West Bengal:

Kolkata 

Kolkata on the banks of the Hoogly River.

Of course, Kolkata, the state capital, finds a mention on this list. Steeped in history, this city on the banks of the Hoogly River is remarkable for many reasons. It is a major cultural hub with numerous art galleries, theaters, museums, music halls, and more strewn across the city. It was home to historical figures like Netaji and Tagore and India's former colonial capital city. The confluence of faiths is easily visible here in the numerous religious buildings, including temples, mosques, churches, gurudwaras, Jain temples, Chinese temples, and more, dotting the city. This city's street food is unforgettable, and so are the strolls by the vast green spaces like the Maidan. This city has a great lot to offer to anyone visiting this place.

Darjeeling

View of the snowy peaks of the Himalayas from Darjeeling.

Nestled in the heart of the Eastern Himalayas at an elevation of around 2,045 m, Darjeeling sits pretty as West Bengal's most popular hill station. Always bustling with tourists, the Darjeeling Mall is the town's most happening place. Surrounded by spectacular scenery, the Mall houses numerous boutique restaurants, antique shops, and souvenir stalls. With its numerous accommodations to fit all kinds of budgets, Darjeeling welcomes all kinds of tourists, from backpackers to luxury-seekers. The city offers truly awe-inspiring views of the surrounding snow-capped peaks on a clear day. Numerous sightseeing options in and around the city, like monasteries, museums, nature walks, tea estates, etc., increase the allure of this beautiful city of West Bengal.

Digha

Beachside scene in Digha.

West Bengal's prime location for those in love with the sea, Digha, is a resort town along the Bay of Bengal, around five hours drive from Kolkata. Like Darjeeling, this town remains full of tourists all through the year. Numerous hotels and resorts are spread across it where people from across the state and outside it come for a relaxing beach getaway. The warm waters here, plenty of sunshine, lots of good seafood, and a wide array of stay options make Digha one of the state's most visited places.

Bishnupur

Beautiful terracotta temples in Bishnupur. 

This quaint temple city of West Bengal is unlike any other. Scattered throughout the city are exceedingly beautiful temples made of terracotta amidst patches of wilderness. These temples were built by the Malla rulers who ruled in the 17th and 18th centuries, with Bishnupur as their capital. Being Vaishnavites, many of these temples are dedicated to the Hindu deity Krishna. The terracotta carvings on the walls and facades of these temples remind us of the excellent craftsmanship skills of those who built these temples. They also tell stories of the yore- tales of kings and kingdoms, princes and princesses, and life as it was in ancient Bengal.

Malbazar

A river flowing near Malbazar. Image credit: Rajdwip Chowdhury via Wikimedia Commons

For nature lovers, Malbazar is one of the best towns in West Bengal. Although the town itself does not host any major attractions, it is surrounded by some breathtaking locations for both wildlife watching and spending time in the heart of nature. Malbazar serves as the gateway to the state's prime wildlife locations like Gorumara National Park and Chapramari Reserve Forest. One can also go up the nearby hills to view some stunning sunsets and sunrises in Jhalong, Bindu, Samsing, and others. Malbazar itself houses a government tourist house ensheathed in greenery that can serve as the base for traveling to all the mentioned destinations.

Murshidabad

An erstwhile zamindar's mansion in Murshidabad and the location of a popular Tollywood movie.

A city with grand palaces, mausoleums, mosques, temples, and more, Murshidabad is indeed beautiful for its many architectural marvels drenched in history. As the former seat of the Nawab of Bengal, Murshidabad witnessed several important historical events. Its downfall was demarcated when Nawab Siraj-ud Daulah lost to the British at the infamous Battle of Plassey. Today, the city is a tourist magnet attracting visitors with its unique ancient charm and architectural splendor. 

Kalimpong

A colonial-era cottage in Kalimpong.

Another hill station in West Bengal, Kalimpong, sits in the Himalayas at an elevation of 1,250 m. This beautiful town is known for its many charming colonial-era cottages and bungalows, now turned into boutique hotels. There are also many tourist spots in and around Kalimpong, including monasteries, museums, viewpoints, and local eateries serving mouthwatering momos and other delicacies.

These seven cities in West Bengal come with their own charm and attractions that make them truly beautiful. The state also has numerous other cities that have more to offer should one want to explore and unravel more about the fascinating culture, history, and nature of Bengal.

7 Most Beautiful Cities In Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh, located in the heart of India, is a fascinating land of great beauty. This state's wide array of attractions appeals to every kind of tourist. Many of the cities here trace their roots thousands of years back and hence, are drenched in history. Many empires have ruled these settlements and left their impression in the form of spectacular art and architecture visible in the many palaces, forts, temples, and other historical structures dotting their cityscapes. Here are the seven most beautiful cities of Madhya Pradesh:

Bhopal

The beautiful Bhojtal Lake in Bhopal.

The city of lakes and the state's capital, Bhopal, definitely deserves a mention on this list. The city, dotted with numerous lakes and large green spaces, caters well to the recreational needs of its residents. Legend says that the settlement here started way back in the 11th century, with numerous ancient structures reminding one of the cities layered past. But it is not just what is within the city but also around it that makes it such a major tourist hub. Being home to the state's only international airport, Bhopal welcomes many tourists and serves as the gateway to the state's numerous cultural, historical, and natural attractions, like the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters and Satpura National Park.

Gwalior

The grand Gwalior Fort in Gwalior. Image credit: Anuppyr007 via Wikimedia Commons

Located in a valley in northern Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior is a city steeped in history, with its magnificent forts, palaces, and temples serving as a reminder of its glorious past. Several empires ruled the city, from the Marathas to the Mughals, each of who left behind their mark on this historical city. Today, these grand historical sites are open to public visits, and so are its numerous museums and traditional bazaars. For nature lovers, Gwalior offers wildlife viewing in the Madhav National Park or boating in the serene waters of the Tighra Dam located near the city.

Ujjain

Ram Ghat in Ujjain along the Shipra River. Image credit: Shruti Lata via Wikimedia Commons

The holy city of Ujjain comes next, with its landscape dotted with ancient structures bearing witness to its rich past. Located on the Shipra river's eastern bank, Ujjain appears serene and beautiful. The age-old temples along the banks of the river attract thousands of Hindu pilgrims to the city every year. Every 12 years, the city also hosts one of the world's largest mass gatherings of humans - the Kumbh Mela. But whether religious or not, every visitor to Ujjain enjoys the beauty and grandeur of its ancient architecture and the vibrant culture the city offers. 

Orchha

The gorgeous Orchha Fort in Orchha.

The 16th-century city of Orchha is a time machine with its many forts, palaces, and temples reminding one of the mighty powers that once ruled the region. Words are not enough to describe the true beauty of this historical city located on the banks of the Betwa River. The Orchha Fort, Laxminarayan Temple, Ram Raja Temple, and Phool Bagh are some of the incredible architectural and cultural wonders the city hosts. Adding to the attractions list of Orccha are kayaking opportunities on the Betwa River and wildlife watching at the Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary. The city caters to every kind of traveler who visits it.

Indore

Gandhi Hall in Indore.

The state's largest city, Indore, is host to many attractions. Not only does the Lalbagh Palace and the Rajwada dazzle visitors with their awe-inspiring architecture, the beauty of the Kanch Mandir or the "Temple of Glass" leaves one speechless. Indore also hosts several museums for history buffs and recreational venues like the Patalpani Waterfalls for those traveling with family.

Mandu

Jahajmahal, Mandu

Sitting atop the hills of the Vindhya Range, Mandu is an ancient city that first became prominent in the 11th century. It is not just the aesthetic appeal and historical value of its ancient structures that give the city its tourist appeal. Mandu's location ensures fascinating views of the surrounding mountains and valleys. The Hathi Mahal, Jahaz Mahal, Rani Roopmati's Pavilion, Hoshang Shah's Tomb, and Bagh Caves are only some of Mandu's tourist magnets.

Maheshwar

Maheshwar Fort along the banks of the Narmada River. Image credit: Arian Zwegers/Flickr

Named after the Hindu deity Shiva, Maheshwar is a quaint and peaceful religious town on the northern banks of the Narmada River. The many ancient temples scattered throughout this town remind one of the rich past of this settlement. Boating in the river with a view of the many ancient structures lining its banks is a great way to experience the city's true nature. Festivals and celebrations are held year-round in Maheshwar, attracting many pilgrims and tourists.

The above cities are all great tourist magnets in Madhya Pradesh. In addition, the state is endowed with a great many cultural, historical, and natural sites that 

The 10 Most Visited Monuments In India By Foreigners

For centuries, India has been ruled by powerful and prosperous dynasties whose rulers have left behind a mark of their rule in the form of numerous monuments across the country. Although ages-old, these monuments still stand strong, baffling archeologists by the integrity of their architecture. These monuments are also objects of great beauty. Every visitor marvels at their opulence, detailed decorations, and aesthetic architecture. They are also of great interest to those with interest in history and culture as history speaks from the walls of these monuments. They also give a peek into Indian art and culture as it was centuries ago. People from all over the world travel to India to take tour these monuments and marvel at their beauty.

So, which monuments in India are most popular among foreign tourists to the country?

10 Most Popular Centrally Protected Ticketed Monuments for Foreign Visitors in 2017-18.

Source: http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/India%20Tourism%20Statistics%202018.pdf

1. Taj Mahal

 Yann; edited by Jim Carter

Few guesses are required about India’s most visited monument. It is the symbol of eternal love, the Taj Mahal in Agra city of Uttar Pradesh of India. 0.79 million foreign visitors visited this attraction in 2018. The construction of the Taj Mahal was commissioned in 1632 by Shah Jahan, the Mughal Emperor to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Later, his tomb was also built by the side of his wife. The tombs form the centerpiece of the massive complex. Formal gardens surround the monument. A mosque and guest house are also part of the complex. The Taj Mahal is known for its enchanting beauty. Built-in white marble and colorful semi-precious stones, the building is said to appear most striking on full moon days. Both the exteriors and interiors of the Taj Mahal are intricately decorated with marble inlay work, colorful glass, paintings, marble carvings, jali work, and more. No wonder that the Taj Mahal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world’s seven wonders.

2. Agra Fort 

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Located near the Taj Mahal, the Agra Fort is another UNESCO World Heritage Site that is extremely popular among visitors. 0.49 million foreign tourists were recorded at Agra Fort in 2018. Until 1638, it served as the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal Dynasty before the capital was shifted to Delhi. The fort’s present appearance can be traced to the time of Emperor Akbar’s rule in the late 16th century. There is a lot to explore and observe at the Agra Fort. History speaks from every wall of this massive bastion. It takes visitors back to the Mughal era and the opulence all around reminds one of the power and authority of the Mughals. 

3. Qutb Minar

The Qutb or Qutab Minar is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Delhi’s Mehrauli area. It is a 73 m tall tower with five stories and a base diameter of 14.3 m. A spiral staircase of 379 steps leads to the top. The construction of the tower was started by Qutb al-Din Aibak, a general of the Ghurid empire and completed by his son-in-law Iltutmish. In 1974, a tragic event occurred at the Qutab Minar when a lighting failure in the staircase of the tower led to a stampede among the public that claimed the lives of 47 visitors. It is said that since then, the Qutab Minar is haunted. The public is not allowed to climb up the staircase of the tower anymore. In 2018, 0.30 million foreign visitors visited the Qutab Minar complex, the third most visited monument in India by foreigners. 

Image credit: Ondřej Žváček

4. Fatehpur Sikri

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Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, Fatehpur Sikri is the fourth most popular monument among foreigners visiting India. It is located in Agra close to the Taj Mahal. It is a former city of the Mughal Empire that was founded by Emperor Akbar in 1571. In 1610, the city was completely abandoned and later excavated out by the Archaeological Survey of India who now manages the site. Fatehpur Sikri has many ancient royal buildings, the royal residences of Emperor Akbar and his wives, the residence of Birbal, and more. As the story goes, Emperor Akbar visited the village of Sikri to seek the blessings of Sheikh Salim, a Sufi saint. Jahangir, Akbar’s son, was born in the village in 1569. To commemorate the Sheikh who had predicted this birth, Akbar built an impressive city in Sikri and named it Fatehpur Sikri or the "City of Victory.”

5. Humayun's Tomb

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The tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi is the fifth most visited Indian monument by foreigners. Empress Bega Begum, the first wife of Humayun, commissioned the building of this tomb in 1569 to 80. Persian architects designed the tomb. In 1993, UNESCO declared it as a World Heritage Site. Built-in red sandstone, the tomb appears very beautiful and grand. Its impressive architecture continues to attract visitors all-year-round.

While you have learn of Indian monuments that foreigners like to visit, which monuments are popular among India's residents?
Here is a list of the same:

https://oishimaya.blogspot.com/2019/08/10-most-visited-monuments-in-india-by.html