1. South Indian Tree Shrew
Anathana ellioti (Scandentia - Tupaiidae)
Near Threatened
South Indian tree shrew, also known as Madras tree shrew or bamboo squirrel, is found in the central and southern India’s hill forests. It is a Near Threatened species having weight around 150 g, body length 17-20 cm with a 16-19 cm long tail. Being an omnivore, they eat small vertebrates, varieties of insects, fruits, and seeds.
2. Nicobar Tree Shrew
Tupaia nicobarica (Scandentia - Tupaiidae)
Endangered
Nicobar tree shrew, listed as Endangered species threatened by habitat loss, is only found in the rainforest areas of the Nicobar Islands, India. These endemic animals are omnivores; they consume small vertebrates, varieties of insects, fruits, and seeds. Senses of vision, hearing and smell are well developed in this species.3. Bonnet Macaque
Macaca radiata (Primates - Cercopithecidae)
Least Concerned
Bonnet macaque, a common macaque, is seen in deciduous and evergreen forests as well as urban areas in the southern parts of India, is symbolized by a bonnet of shining hair on its head. They feed on seeds, nuts, flowers, leaves, fruits, cereals, and invertebrates. The species is listed as Least Concerned.
4. Lion-tailed Macaque
Macaca silenus (Primates - Cercopithecidae)
Endangered
Lion-tailed macaque, also known as wanderoo, is an Endangered species found in the tropical evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of southern India. These endemic animals are omnivorous and eat mainly fruits, seeds, flowers, shoots, cones, pith and many other plants. A good climber rainforest dweller loves to live in a hierarchical group of 10-20 animals.
5. Nicobar Shrew
Crocidura nicobarica (Soricomorpha - Soricidae)
Critically Endangered
Nicobar shrew or the Nicobar white-tailed shrew is a species of mammal only found in the Great Nicobar Island, India. This species is semi-fossorial and nocturnal in nature and lives in the leaf litter of tropical moist deciduous forests. Listed as Critically Endangered, they are threatened by habitat loss because of natural disasters.
6. Black-footed Gray Langur
Semnopithecus hypoleucos (Primates - Cercopithecidae)
Vulnerable
Black-footed gray langur, listed as Vulnerable species, is a leaf-eating Old World monkey seen in southwestern India (Kerala, Karnataka, and Goa). This endemic species is classified as diurnal, arboreal, and foliovorous. This endemic species inhabits a wide range of habitats like gardens, moist deciduous forests, tropical rainforests, riparian forests, etc.
7. Nilgiri Langur
Endangered
Nilgiri langur, a Colobine or Old World monkey, is seen in the Nilgiri Hills of South India, and many other hilly areas in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Listed as Endangered, this endemic species is mainly foliovorous. Besides consuming green leaves, they also eat flowers, fruits, seeds, stem, nuts, insects, etc. Having golden-brown fur on its head and silky black fur on its body makes its look charming.
8. Madras Hedgehog
Paraechinus nudiventris (Erinaceomorpha - Erinaceidae)
Least Concern
Madras hedgehog, also known as the bare-bellied hedgehog, is an endemic species of dry scrubby areas. This species is placed in the Least Concern category of IUCN (previously listed as vulnerable), and found in southeastern India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh). Madras Hedgehog sleeps during the day and is seen active during the night. It is fossorial.
9. Miller's Andaman Spiny Shrew
Crocidura andamanensis (Soricomorpha - Soricidae)
Critically Endangered
Miller's Andaman spiny shrew, commonly known as Andaman shrew or Andaman white-toothed shrew is found in a particular location namely South Andaman Island, India. It is a nocturnal endemic animal that lives in the leaf litter and rock cracks of evergreen and moist deciduous forests and listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
10. Andaman Spiny Shrew
Crocidura hispida (Soricomorpha - Soricidae)
Vulnerable
Andaman spiny shrew, a mammal species of Soricidae family, commonly known as the Andaman shrew, is found only in the Northern Middle Andaman Island, India. It is a nocturnal endemic species, dwells in the leaf litter of tropical and subtropical evergreen forests. This species is threatened by habitation loss and enlisted as Vulnerable.
11. Jenkin's Andaman Spiny Shrew
Crocidura jenkinsi (Soricomorpha - Soricidae)
Critically Endangered
Jenkin's Andaman spiny shrew, shortly known as Jenkin’s shrew, is a species of Indian endemic mammal found only in South Andaman Island of India. This species is a critically endangered species. It is a semi-fossorial mammal and nocturnal or crepuscular in their habit and dwell in the leaf litter of tropical moist deciduous forests.
13. Southern Plains Gray Langur
Semnopithecus dussumieri (Primates - Cercopithecidae)
Least Concern
Southern plains gray langur, widely known as Hanuman langur, is a Least Concern species of primates found in the west central and southwestern parts of India. With large subpopulations, Hanuman langur has a wide distribution. They are diurnal and mainly herbivores. Leaves and shrubs are preferred food items, but they also eat herbs, grasses, spider webs, etc.
14. Day's Shrew
Suncus dayi (Soricomorpha - Soricidae)
Endangered
The Day's shrew, a species of mammal, is seen in four areas of southern India - Eravikulam National Park (Kerala), Thrissur (Kerala), Upper Bhavani (Tamil Nadu), and Palni Hills (Tamil Nadu). The endemic animal lives in subtropical and tropical dry forests. It is a nocturnal animal and listed as Endangered by the IUCN.
15. Assam Mole Shrew
Anourosorex assamensis (Soricomorpha - Soricidae)
Least Concern
Assam mole shrew, a species of a red-toothed shrew, is found in northeastern India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, and And Nagaland). This Indian endemic species inhabit a variety of habitats (both natural and modified) like subtropical and tropical forest, stony escarpments, sewage lines, etc. This shrew is listed as a Least Concern species.
16. Salim Ali's Fruit Bat
Latidens salimalii (Chiroptera - Pteropodidae)
Endangered
Salim Ali's fruit bat, an uncommon megabat species lives in caves and is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. The endemic animal species is found in Periyar Tiger Reserve (Kerala), High Wavy Mountains (Tamil Nadu), Kardana Coffee Estate, and Kalakkad-Mundunthurai Tiger Reserve. The species is seen in montane evergreen forests as well as in coffee or cardamom plantation.
17. Nicobar Flying Fox
Pteropus faunulus (Chiroptera - Pteropodidae)
Vulnerable
Nicobar flying fox is a flying fox species listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. It is found in the Nicobar Islands, India. This species eats mainly silk cotton fruits, and lives in subtropical/tropical moist lowland forests and also in subtropical/tropical swamps. Because of forest clearing, Nicobar flying fox is in danger.
18. Andaman Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus cognatus (Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae)
Endangered
Andaman horseshoe bat is found in three Andaman Islands in India (South Andaman, North Andaman, and Narcondom Island). Its natural habitats include subtropical/tropical mangrove forests, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forests, rainforests, and subtropical/tropical swamps. The Andaman horseshoe bat is a cave dwelling species listed as Endangered by the IUCN.
19. Mitred Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus mitratus (Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae)
Data Deficient
The Mitred horseshoe bat, a type of bat in the Rhinolophidae family, is listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN because of insufficient data collected on this species. It is assumed that this horseshoe bat might be cave roosting. It is known only from the Chaibassa area of Jharkhand in India.
20. Khajuria's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideros durgadasi (Chiroptera - Hipposideridae)
Endangered
Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat is a type of bat in the Hipposideridae family listed as Endangered. This endemic species is known from the Katanga, Katangi, and Richhai villages in Jabalpur district (Madhya Pradesh) of India. Its habitation area (caves) is less than 500 square kilometers, and therefore, the species is in danger by habitat loss. They feed on beetles and other small insects.
21. Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideros hypophyllus (Chiroptera - Hipposideridae)
Endangered
The Kolar leaf-nosed bat, a bat in the Hipposideridae family, is now known only from the areas namely Theralli and Hanumanahalli of Kolar District, Karnataka in India. This species naturally lives in granite caves and subtropical/tropical dry forests. Threatened mainly by mining activities and loss of foraging habitats, this species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN.
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